UNIT I
SILVICULTURE
Forests - Definition - Extent of forests in india and
other countries - Role of forests - Factors of locality
- climatic - edaphic - topographic - biotic - Interaction
of Forests with the Environment. Silviculture - Objectives
- Scope - General Principles - Regeneration - Natural
and artificial - Nursery techniques - containarised
seedling production - techniques and methods - vegetative
propagation techniques and methods - maintenance of
plantation - tending operations - weeding - cleaning
- thinning - after care techniques - silvicultural systems
- selection - uniform - shelter wood - clearfelling
- coppice system - conversion system - Improvement felling.
Silviculture techniques for some important species -
Acacia spp (indigenous and exotics), Albizia lebbek
and A. falcataria, Ailanthus excelsa, Azadirachta indica,
Bamboos, Casuarina equisetifolia, Ceiba pentandra, Dalbergia
latifolida, Eucalytpus spp, Grevillea robusta, Hardwickia
binata, Leucaena leucocephala, Pongamia pinnate, Santalum
album, Tecptona grandis, Terminali spp. and Tamarindus
indica.
UNIT
II
FOREST MENSURATION AND MANAGEMENT
Definition and objectives of forest mensuration - measurement
of diameter, girth, height and volume of trees - methods
and principles - Tree stem form - age - basal area determinations
- Forest Inventory - Sampling techniques and methods
- measurement of crops - sample ploto - Yield calculation
- CAI and MAI - yield and stand tables preparation -
Aerial photography and remote sensing - methods and
techniques. Objectives and principles of forest management
- forest organisation - sustained yield - concept -
Arguments for and against sustained yield - Rotation
- Normal Forests - Increment - Growth stock determination
- Yield regulation - principles and concepts - yield
regulation in regular and irregular forests - working
plans - general considerations - preparation of working
plans - Joint Forest management.
UNIT
III
FOREST UTILIZATION AND WOOD TECHNOLOGY
Logging - Extraction of timber - Felling rules and methods
- Conversion methods - Implements used - Grading of
timbers - Transportation of timbers - Major and minor
transportation methods - storage and sales of logs.
Forest products - timber industries - plywood - particles
boards - fibre products - paper, hardboard, insulation
board - production technology - non-timber forest products
(NTFP) - Collection - Processing and storage of NTFP
- fibres and flosses - bamboos and canes - katha and
bidi leaves - essential oils - gums and resins, lac
and shellac, tassar silk - Role of tribal co-operative
societies. Macroscopic character of wood - Three dimensional
structures - Structures of Heart wood and sap wood -
compostition and structure of wood - Chemical components,
cell wall structure and formation, anatomical structures
of heartwood and softwood, - reaction wood - wood and
water relations - properties of wood - Physical properties
- Specific gravity, density of wood - mechanical properties
Gross features of wood - Defects in wood - Natural defects.
Seasoning of wood - principles and objectives of seasoning
- Seasoning methods - Air and kiln seasoning - Seasoning
defects - Wood preservation - principles and methods
wood preservatives - Definition - kinds of preservatives
- method of preservative application - pressure and
non - pressure processes - classification of wood, based
on seasoning behaviour.
UNIT
IV
FOREST SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING
Surveying - Principles of surveying - errors in surveying
- Scope of surveying in forestry - Different methods
of surveying , chain, prismatic, compass, plain table
and topographic survey - area calculation - maps and
map reading, Principles of forest Engineering - Building
materials and construction - Forest Roads, - Objectives,
principles and types of forest roads - Causeways and
Culverts - Bridges - Construction of Bridges - Construction
of timber, RCC, Steel and suspension bridges - cable
ropeways and winches.
UNIT
V
FOREST SOILS AND SOIL CONSERVATION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Forest Soils - Classification - Factors affectiing soil
formation - Podzolization and laterization - Physical,
Chemical and biological properties of Forest soils -
Problem soils - Classification of Waste lands - extent
of waste lands in India - reclamation of alkaline, saline,
water logged and other wastelands - sand dune stabilisation
- wind breaks and shelter belts. Soil conservation -
definition - objectives, problems, programmes and achievements
- causes of erosion - wind - water - management of eroded
region - Soil and water conservation measures. Watershed
management - Concepts and methods - Forest treatments
- Streamflow - Impact on water yield and quality.
UNIT
VI
FOREST ECONOMICS, POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS
Fundamental principles of Forest Economics - Cost benefit
analysis - Demand and supply estimation - Socio-economic
analysis of Forest Productivity - Forest valuation -
Project formulation - Project nonitoning - evaluation
- elements of time series analysis and forecasting -
role of corporate financing. Forest Policy - Necessity
- Formulation of National Forest Policy - History of
Forest development in India - Indian Forest Policy of
1894, 1952 and 1988. NCA report on forestry - Role of
ICFRE in Forest Research and Education - Constitution
of National Mission on Wasteland development. Forest
laws - Necessity - General Principles - Indian Forest
Act 1927, Forest Conservation Act 1980, Wildlife Protection
Act 1972, Tamil Nadu Forest Act 1882.
UNIT
VII
FOREST BIOLOGY AND BOTANY
Forest Ecology - Defintion - Biotic and abiotic components
- Forest Ecosystem - Forest community concepts - Succession
- Primary productivity - Composition of forest types
in India -Classification of India's Forests - Species
composition association and diversity. Form of trees
- structure and function - Physiology and repreduction
of trees - Nutrient cycling and water relation - Physiology
in strees environments (drought, waterlogging, alkalinity
and salinity ) - Seed technology - Collection - Processing
- storage - handling techniques - pretreatement - Seed
testing. Importance of Botany - Taxonomic classification
of plant species - Identification of species - Composition
and association - Dendrology - Principles and establishment
of herbaria and arboreta - principles and concepts of
Tree improvement - methods and techniques - Seed orchard
- Types and establishment - use of provenances and Exotics
- Role of Exotic forest trees in india - Application
of bio-technological methods in forestry.
UNIT
VIII
WILDLIFE BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Introduction to Wildlife management - Ecology and biology
of wildlife - Principles and techniques of management
- Wildlife habitats - Census - Land tenure system -
Major wildlife species in India and their broad study
- Wildlife conservatiion - Policy and legal measures
- Sanctuaries - national parks - Biosphere reserves
- Ecotourism.
UNIT
IX
FOREST PROTECTION
Role of Forest Protection in Indian Forestry - Injuries
caused by various agencies - Injuries caused by human
being - Animals - Insects - Birds - Adverse climatic
factors - Injuries caused by plants - Forest fire -
Fire protection methods - Control measures for pest
and diseases for major tree species - biological, chemical
and integrated pest management methods.
UNIT
X
AGROFORESTRY AND SOCIAL FORESTRY
Definition - Objectives of agroforestry - Classification
of agroforestry systems - benefits and constraints in
agroforestry - competition for light, water and nutrients
- Allelopathy - Ecological aspects of agroforestry.
Social forestry - its components and implementation
at local and national levels - social attitudes and
community participation - choice of species for agro
and social forestry.
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