POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

PAPER -I CODE:017

UNIT I
TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMISTRY:-
Principles and application of light, phase contrast, Fluorescence, scanning and Transmission electron microscopy. Cytophotometry; Gel filtration; HPLC, Ultracentrifugation; X-ray diffraction; Fluorimetry; spectroscopy (UV, DRD/CD, visible, NMR, ESR, Atomic absorption and plasma emission); Principles and application of tracer techniques in biology, Liquid scientillation spectrometry.

UNIT II
CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES:-
Structure of carbohydrates, Polysaccharides, Glycoproteins, Peptidoglycans, cell wall polysaccharides; structure of aminoacids and proteins, forces involved, Ramachandran Plot. Structure of Purine, Pyrimidine bases, Nucleotides, DNA, different types of RNA and Vitamins.

UNIT III
METABOLOSM:-
Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Aminoacids, lipids, and Nucleic acids, Respiratory chain, oxidative phosphoerylation, free energy change; coupled reactions; Biological energy transducers; High energy compounds and group transfer potentials; Bio energetics.

UNIT IV
ENZYMES:-
Enzyme kinetics; Regulation of enzyme activity, coenzymes; Activators/inhibitors, isoenzymes; Mechanism of enzyme action.

UNIT V
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY:-
Disorders of carbohydrate, Fat and Nitrogen, Metabolisms, Laboratory Diagnosis, Liver and Kidney function tests; Blood coagulation disorders; Inborn errors of metabolism.

PAPER -II
UNIT I
BIOMEMBRANES:-
Structures and organization of membranes, hormones - structure, function and its role in signal transduction, Neurotranmitters; Transport across Membranes.

UNIT II
MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY:-
Classification of Micro-organisms - Viruses, bacteria, Fungi, Yeast; Basic principles of Bioprocess technology. Fermentation products - ethanol, glycerol, lactic acid, acetone, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and Penicillin, Preparation of media to culture micro-organisms, Soil microbiology; use of micro organisms in sewage treatment.

UNIT III
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:-
Prokaryotic and Kukaryotic cell structure; Eukaryotic genome organisation; cell cycle, Replication, Transcription, Tranlation and Regulation of Gene Expression; Lysogency and Lytic cycles in bacteriophages; bacterial transformation; transduction; conjugation and complementation; principles of Genetic - engineering - Enzymes, vectors, C DNA and Genomic Libracy construction; Screening of Libraries; Western, Northern and Southern blotting; Agarose Gel and SDS PAGE Electrophoresis; Dot Blot analysis; DNA sequencing methods; Autoradiography; Transgene technology; PCR and its application; RFLP, RAPD; Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer.

UNIT IV
IMMUNOLOGY:-
Antigens, Immunoglobulines, T and B Lymphocytes and their characte rization; monpo - lonal antibodies; Accessory cells - Macrophages and Dendritic cells; Purification of immunologlobulins: Ion exchange and affinity chromatography; Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbant Assay, vaccines; Hypersensitive actions; Auto immunity, Antibody engineering; Antigen Presentation; Radio immunoassay.

UNIT V
TISSUE CULTURE:-
Primary cultures derived from plant, animal and human tissues, Maintenance of cell lines; Artificial Insemination technology; Callus culture; Somaclonal Variation; Micropropagation; somatic embryogenesis; protoplast fusion; artificial seeds.