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GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD |
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PAPER
- I
SECTION
I : FOUNDATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY(COMPULSORY)
UNIT
I
ANTHROPOLOGY AND IT'S BRANCHES
Meaning and scope of Anthropology - Major divisions
of Anthropology - Socio - cultural Anthropology - Physical
or Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology
and applied Anthropology. Inter-relationships of various
branches of Anthropology - The Anthropology and its
relations with other social, Biological and Medical
sciences.
UNIT
II
BASIC CONCEPTS OF SOCIETY AND CULTURE
Society ,culture and civilization; community, groups,
band, tribe, institutions, Associations, Folkways and
Mores, Norms and values, customs and traditions, status
and Role, Enthnography, Ethnology, caste class and Race.
UNIT
III
MARRIAGE FAMILY AND KINSHIP
Definition of Marriage, problems in Universal definition
of Marriage - Marriage Regulations Exogamy and Endogamy
- Types of Marriages - Proferential and prescribed forms
of marriage - Functions of Marriage - ways of Acquiring
Mates , in Indian tribes, Marriage payments - Divorce
- Marriage, patterns in Hindu, Muslims and Christians
; problem in the Universal definition of family - Basis
of Human family - structure, organization, and functions
of family - stability and changes in Indian family,
Hindu joint family system and it's transition; kinship
- Definition of kinship - system, it's place in social
structure. Analysis of kinship. Terminology - types
of kinship systems, Rules of Decent, Decent groups,
kinship usages, and determinants of kinship terminologies.
UNIT
IV
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Principles of social stratification, class and caste
system in India - Idea of Rank and status in tribal
societies.
UNIT
V
ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Meaning, scope and Relevance of Economic Anthropology;
Principles governing production, distribution and consumption
in communities subsisting on Hunting and gathering,
Fishing, Pastoralism, Horticulture and Agriculture.
Modes of exchange, barter, ceremonial exchange, reciprocity,
and redistribution, market and trade in tribal communities.
UNIT
VI
POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Meaning and scope - power and Legitamacy - differences
between state and stateless societies. Social control,
Law and Justice in Primitive societies
UNIT
VII
RELIGION
Definition and function of Religion - Theories of origin
of Religion - Religion and it's forms - Animism, Animatism,
Totemism, Naturalism - Religious Functionaries, Religion,
Magic and Science - Totem and Taboo and their ritual
significance - Religion and world view - Religion, Economy
and political system
UNIT
VIII
MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Meaning and scope of Medical Anthropology -Ethno medicine
- socio - cultural factors influencing food nutrition,
health and hygiene. Concept of disease and treatment
in traditional societies - Health and disease problems
in primitive societies.
UNIT
IX
DEVELOPMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropological development in planning - concepts of
sustainable development, displacement and Rehabilitation
- Role of Anthropology in National integration - Management
of food, water resources, Environment, population dynamics
with special reference to Tamilnadu.
UNIT
X
REBEACH METHODS AND FIELD WORK TECHNIQUES/BASIC STATISTICS
Field tradition in Anthropology - observation , case
study, interview, questionnaire and schedule, Genealogical
method, Visual Anthropology, Life histories and personal
documents, Basic statistics; graphical representation
of data. Mean mode and median-standard deviation, standard
Error - chi-square and t-test, Analysis of variance
- correlation, sampling methods.
UNIT
XI
EMERGENCE OF MAN
A) BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION 1) Ramapithocus
2) Australopithecenes
3) Homoerectus
4) Neanderthalas
5) Modern man.
B)CULTURAL
EVOLUTION
Broad outlines of pre-historic cultures (India and Europe)
1) Paleolithic
2) Mesolithic
3) Neolithic
4) Chalcolithic
5) Iron age
6) Gelogical time scale
7) The great Ice age
8) A brief account of stone tool Typology and Technology
and methods of problems of dating.
SUBJECT
:
ELECTIVE COURSE IN PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
SECTION-II:
(A) PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
UNIT I
ORGANIC EVOLUTION
Process and Principles of Evolution - Convergence, divergence,
parallelism, adaptive Radiation, speciation, and irreversibility;
Theories of Evolution - Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarckism,
Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism, synthetic theory and Natural
selection in man, Bio-cultural Evolution in man.
UNIT
II
PRIMATES
Distribution, classification and characteristics of
primates - position of man in the animal kingdom - morphological
and Anatomical characteristics of Apes and man; Erect
posture and Bipedalism; primate social behavior.
UNIT
III
HUMAN EVOLUTION
Phylogenetic status, distribution and characteristics
of the following:- 1) Ramapithecus
2) Australopithecines
3) Home erectus
4) Neanderthals
5) Modern man Theories of Human Evolution.
UNIT
IV
CONCEPTS IN GENETICS
Scope and branches, development of human genetics, cell
structure, Mitosis Meiosis, Mendel's laws of inheritance,
patterns of inheritance, multiple alleles, sex linkage
and crossing over, lethal genes - mutation - methods
of studying heredity, population genetics - Hardy -weinberg's
law: Definition and Application: Breading population
- mating patterns - Random, Assertative and inbreeding
- inbreeding coefficient - and Genetic load. Natural
selection; Genetic polymorphism concept, balanced and
transient.
UNIT
V
HUMAN BIOCHEMICAL VARIATION
Blood groups: ABO,RH,MN,HLA system - Blood groups and
diseases; Red cell enzymes; G6PD, LDH, MDH, serum proteins;
Haptoglobin and Transfernins; Hemoglobin Normal and
Abnormal; - Hbs and malaria (invorn errors of) metabolism
- phenylketenuria, Alkaptonuria and galactosemia.
UNIT
VI
HUMAN CYTOGENETICS
Chromosome structure, chromosal polymorphism, Chromosomal
abberation, structural and numerical; Translocations.
Human genetics and society - Genetic counselling - Screening
and genetic engineering.
UNIT
VII
RACE
Concept of Race, definiton, classification, racial criteria
and distribution, major Racial groups of the world and
their characteristics. UNESCO Statement - Race relations.
UNIT
VIII
HUMAN GROWTH
Human growth and development, stages of growth and their
characteristics. Factors affecting the growth. Growth
variation in world populations.
UNIT
IX
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Age and sex variation in physiological characteristics:
Hb level, body fat, pulse rate blood pressure, Respiratory
functions - sense perception in Populations. Effect
of smoking, Air pollution, occupational hazards on cadio
- respiratory functions. Human adaptations to different
Ecological conditions. Hot, cold and High attitude.
UNIT
X
APPLIED PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOG a) Anthropometry and its
uses
b) Forensic Anthropology
c) DNA Technology and the prevention of genetic diseases.
SECTION
II:
(B) THEORIES OF CULTURE AND SOCIAL TRUCTURE
Concepts of culture Theories of culture and social structure
Concepts and Theories of social and culture change Approaches
to the study of culture and society
a) Classical evolution
b) Neo-evolutionism and cultural ecology.
c) Historical particularism and diffusionism
d) Functionalism
e) Structural-functionalism
f) Structuralism
g) Culture and personality
h) Transactionalism
I) Symbolism, Cognitive approach and new-ethnography
Ethnicity, cultural relativism and cultural particularism
Role of field work in the development of anthropological
theory. Contributions of Anthropology to gender studies
Role of Anthropology in Future studies.
PAPER-II
INDIAN ANTHROPOLOGY
1. India as a socio-cultural entity
2.Evolution
of the Indian culture and civilizatioin:
Prehistoric(Paleolithic, mesolithic and Neolithic) Protohistoric
(Indus civilization) Vedic and post Vedic beginnings.
Contributions of tribal cultures
3.
Domographic profile of India:
Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population
and their distribuion. Indian population, its structure,
growth and factors influencing. A critical evalution
of the Indian population policy with focus on Tamil
Nadu Population.
4.
The basis of the Indian social system:
Varna, ashrama, purushartha, karma, rina and rebirth,
joint family and the caste system.
5.
Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity
on Indian society.
6.
Growth of anothropology in India:
Contributions of the 19th century and early 20th century
scholar administrators;contribution of Indian anthropoligists
to tribal and caste studies; concept used in the study
of Indian society and culture: Little traditions and
Great traditions, universalization and parochialisation,
sanskritisation and westernization, village studies,tribe-caste
continum,dominante caste, nataure-man-spirit complex,
sacred complex.
7.
(a) Tribal situation in India:
Biogenetic variability, Linguistic and socio- economic
characteristics of the tribal population and their distributions.
Racial classification in India.
(b) Problems of the tribal communities:
Land alientation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy,
poor educational facilities unemployment, under employment,
health, nutrition; developmental policies and tribal
displacement and problems of rehabilitation; development
of forest policy and tribals. Impact of unbanisaction
and industrialization on tribal and rural population.
(c) Tribal situation in Tamil Nadu - communities, distribution,
and problems.
(d) Ethnographic profiles of the Teda, kotas and kurumbas
of nilgiris, the malayalis, Irulas, paliyans and paniyans
and kadars of Tamil Nadu.
8.
History of administraion of tribal areas, tribal policies,plans,
programmes of tribal development and their implementation.
Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO'S) in Tamil
Nadu.
9.
Consitutional safeguards for scheduled tribes and scheduled
castes, social change and contemprorary trible societies:
impact of modern democratic institutional development
programmes and welfare measures on tribals. Most Backward
Classes, Backward Classes and Weaker sections: emergence
of ethnicity and tribal movements.
10.
Role of antropology in tribal, rural and urban development,
contributions of antropology to the under standing of
regionalism, communalism etho-political movements and
national integration.
Note
: Candidate may opt either II(a) or II (b) . Section
- II(a) Physical Anthropology Section II(b) - Theories
of Culture and Social Structure.
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