UNIT I
Non - Chordata:- General organisation - Classificaiton
with diagnositc features upto classes.
Protozoa:- Structure, reproduction and life history
of Amoeba Paramecium, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis,
Leishmania - locomotion, nutrition, economic importance.
Porifera: Sponges canai system, skeleton, reproduction
and economic importance.
Coelenterata:- Diploblastic organization - life history
of obelia and Aurelia, Metagenesis - Polymorphism in
Hydrozoa Corals and Croal formation - relationships
of Chidaria and Acnidaria.
Helminthes:- Structure and life history of Planarai,
Fasciola, Teania, Ascaris and Wucheraria - parasitic
adaptations - Helminths in relation to man.
Annelida:- Neries, earthworm and leech - Coelom and
metamerism - modes of life in polychactes.
Onychophora:- Structure, affinities and distribution
of Peripatus.
Arthropoda:- Prawn, Scropion and Cockroach - Larval
forms and parasitism in Crustacea - Mouth parts, vision,
respiration and excretion Metamosphosis and social life
in insets.
Mollusca:- Freshwater mussel, pila, sepia - oyster culture
and pearl formation.
Echinodermata:- General organisation - Water vascular
system Larval forms and affinites.
UNIT
II
Prochordata:- Amphioxuz, Palanoglossus - Ascidian retrogressive
Metamorphosis, neoteny and affinities.
Chordata:- Genreral Organisation - Charaters, Outline
classification Upto class level.
Pisces:- Locomotion, migration, respiration, economic
importance strcture and affinites of dipnoi.
Amphibia:- Origin of Amphibians - Parental care - South
Indian amphibians.
Reptiles:- Origin - Conquest of land - adaptations to
live on land adaptive radiation - Temporal Vacuties
- identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes
- poison apparatus - south Indian examples.
Birids:- Origin - fight adaptations - mechanism of flight
- double respiration - migration - Flightless birds,
their structure and distribution.
Mammals:- Dentition, skin derivatives - distribution
- adaptive radiation - Protothria and Metatheria, their
Phylogenetic relation ship - South Indian examples.
UNIT
III
Cell and Molecular Biology:- Cellular Organelles - Structure
and function - Plasma membrane, mitochondria, golgi
bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and riboscomes - Nucloelus
and nucleus - Chlorosplast - Cell division (Mitosis
& meiosis) - Chromosomes - DNA structure and function,
replication of DNA, Geneticcode - RNA and protein synthesis.
Gene expression - Recombinant DNA, Genetic cloning -
Genetic engineering, its uses in agriculture, biology
and medicine - Sex chromosomes and sex determination.
UNIT
IV
Genetics:- Laws of inheritance - Linkage, principle
of gene mapping multiple alleles, blood groups - mutation
(Natural and induced) Sex Linked and Sex Limited inheritance
- Chromosome number and form ploidy - cytoplasmic inheritance
- Karyotypes - Normal and abnormal genetic disorder
- Bio-chemical genetics - regulation of gene expression
in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - population genetics
- Eugenics. Mean, Median and standard deviation.
UNIT
V
Bio Chemistry:- Structure of carbohydrates, amino acids,
proteins lipids - Glycolysis and kre'bs cycle - oxidation,
reduction - oxidative phosphorylation - energy conservation
and relase, cyclic AMP, ATP enzymes - mechanism Hormones,
their classification biosynthesis and function.
Physiology:- With reference to mammals, digestion, nutrition,
balanced diet in man - assimilation, intermediary/metabolism.
Composition of blood - Coagulation, Transport of oxygen,
Carbondioxide, Blood pigments, Mechanism of respiration,
Muscles, mechanisum of muscle contration, Temperature
regulation, Acid base balance and homestasis, Nerve
impluses and conduction, neurotransmitters. Receptors,
photo, phono and chemopreception. Nephron and urine
formation, Endocrine glands, ovary and pituitary organs
and their inter relationship, Physiology of reproduction
in humans, Normal development in insects and pheromones.
Bioluminescence, Biological rhythms, Physiology of immune
response Antigens - Immunoglobulins, humoral and cell
mediated immunity. T & B cells, mechanism of antibody
formation - AIDS.
UNIT
VI
Development Biology:- Gametogenesis - fertilization
- type of eggs - blastulation and gastrulation in Amphioxus,
frog and chick morphogenetic movements - organizen potency,
organogenesis with reference to hear, eye kideny brain
- Formation and fate of extra embryonic membranes in
chick. Placenta, types, functions, Regeneration - Aging
and senescene - metamorphosis in Frog - Cancerous growth.
UNIT
VII
Environmental Biology:- Biotic and abiotic factors,
their role, Intra and interspectic association. Biogeochemical
cyles. Ecosystem, concept and componensts - energy flow,
food chain, food web, trophic levels. Ecological succession,
Community structure - Stratification. Population and
Population dynamic - Habitate, ecology, adaptations
in marine fress water and terrestrial habitats. Wild
life, need for conservation management and methods of
conservation. Sanctuaries with special reference to
Tamil nadu. Pollution - air, water and land - Perspective
policy planning for the environment.
UNIT
VIII
Evolution:- Origin of life - Evolutionary thought -
Contributions of Lamarck Darwin and De Varies - present
status of Darwinism and Lamrkism - modern synthetic
concept - Hard Weinber Law - Polymorphism and mimicry
in evolution. Specification, species concept - Isolation
machanisms and their role, role of hybridization in
evolution. Fossils and Fossilitzation Origin and evolution
of man - Culture evolution and Biochemical evolution.
UNIT
IX
Animal distribution: Zoogeographical distribution -
Continental and island fauna - Continental drift - Discontinious
distribution adaptive radiation. Natural resources and
their conservation. Alternative sources of energy.
UNIT
X
Economic Zoology:- Parasitism and Commensalim - Protozoan
Parasites and diseases, helminth parasites and diseases
of man and domestic animals - Benefical and destructive
insects Insect pests on crops and stored products -
Control methods. Sericulture, apiculture, poultry, pisciculture
and induced breeding, Sheell fisheries, Acquaculture
practices in Tamil Nadu and their impact on the environment
and on agriculture.
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